NamespaceWhat it isolatesWhat the process seesPIDProcess IDsOwn process tree, starts at PID 1MountFilesystem mount pointsOwn mount table, can have different rootNetworkNetwork interfaces, routingOwn interfaces, IP addresses, portsUserUID/GID mappingCan be root inside, nobody outsideUTSHostnameOwn hostnameIPCSysV IPC, POSIX message queuesOwn shared memory, semaphoresCgroupCgroup root directoryOwn cgroup hierarchyTimeSystem clocks (monotonic, boot)Own system uptime and clock offsetsNamespaces are what Docker containers use. When you run a container, it gets its own PID namespace (cannot see host processes), its own mount namespace (own filesystem view), its own network namespace (own interfaces), and so on.
Deferred had very specific
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Then we have to look at the phase. There are several possible ways to efficiently implement a test on a large number of cases; I covered one in my grimoire of 8-bit Implementation Patterns. That one relied on a jump table and could hit all targets in the same amount of time. I decided not to go with that one here, because only one of our targets is really time-critical and enough are similar that we can simply do a chain of if/else statements and still be fine.